Nazca

Description

Nazca, located in the region of Ica on the southern coast of Peru, is known worldwide for the enigmatic Nazca Lines, giant geoglyphs drawn on the earth representing geometric figures and animals. These lines, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, are the city's main attraction.

Nazca was home to the Nazca civilization, whose intricate pottery is also outstanding. The Chauchilla Cemetery, with its well-preserved mummies, and the Cantalloc Aqueducts, testimony to ancient hydraulic ingenuity, complement the region's archeological wealth. The central Plaza de Armas is a meeting point in this city that offers visitors a fascinating window into Peru's ancient history and mysteries.

Weather and Altitude

Nazca, located in the Ica region on Peru's southern coast, has a warm desert climate. Here is a description of the climate and altitude in Nazca:

Weather

• Nazca experiences a hot arid desert climate. Temperatures are generally high throughout the year, with sunny days and cool nights.
• The average annual temperature ranges from 22°C to 26°C (72°F - 79°F). Seasonal variations are minimal.
• The city receives very little rainfall during the year, making it one of the driest places in the world.

Altitude

• Nazca is at a relatively low altitude compared to other regions of Peru. Its average altitude is around 520 meters above sea level (1,706 feet).
• The low altitude contributes to the region's hot and arid climate.

This warm, dry climate makes Nazca an ideal place to explore the Nazca Lines and enjoy other local attractions. When planning your visit, it is advisable to wear light clothing, sunscreen and stay well hydrated due to the high temperatures.

Nazca, located in the Ica region on Peru's southern coast, has a fascinating history dating back to the ancient Nazca civilization, which flourished between 200 BC and 600 AD. This culture left a distinctive mark on the region, especially through its intricate pottery and hydraulic engineering skills. However, Nazca's main contribution to world history is undoubtedly the creation of the enigmatic Nazca Lines. These giant geoglyphs, which stretch across the desert, feature geometric figures and depictions of animals drawn in the earth between 500 BC and 500 AD. The exact purpose of these lines remains a mystery, and their modern discovery in the 1920s has spurred archaeological research and captured the imagination of the world.

Nazca is also home to the Chauchilla Cemetery, which offers a unique insight into the burial practices of the ancient civilization. During colonial times, Nazca was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, and the Nazca Lines were discovered by archaeologists and aerial explorers.

Today, Nazca continues to be a crucial archaeological site, attracting researchers and visitors seeking to unravel the secrets of this ancient civilization and its enigmatic lines drawn in the desert.

The Nazca Lines are geoglyphs, huge designs created in the earth, located in the Nazca desert on the southern coast of Peru. These lines were drawn by the Nazca culture, an ancient civilization that flourished between the 1st century BC and the 6th century AD. The lines are famous for their geometric figures, stylized animals and abstract shapes, many of which are only visible from the air.

Main characteristics:

Location

The Nazca Lines are located in the pampas of San Jose, near the town of Nazca, in the Ica region of Peru. This vast Nazca desert, located on the southern coast of Peru, is home to one of the most enigmatic and fascinating archaeological treasures in the world: the Nazca geoglyphs.

The Pampa of San Jose is an extensive and arid terrain that extends for approximately 500 square kilometers. In this impressive desert landscape, the Nazcas left their legacy through the lines and figures engraved in the earth.

Geoglyphs

The Nazca geoglyphs are an amazing array of more than 800 lines, 300 geometric figures and 70 representations of stylized animals and plants. These impressive creations were meticulously traced by the Nazca culture, who removed the red and yellow stones from the desert surface to reveal the lighter earth beneath.

The technique used to create the Nazca geoglyphs consisted of carefully removing the stones from the desert surface, exposing the lighter earth beneath. This technique has allowed the lines and figures to remain visible for centuries, defying the passage of time and adverse weather conditions.

Dimensions

Some of the lines are very extensive, reaching up to 1,200 feet (370 meters) in length. The largest figures can be more than 1,000 feet (300 meters) in length.

Technology and precision

The precision with which the Nazcas traced the Nazca Lines is extraordinary, considering the lack of advanced technology, especially the absence of aerial tools at the time. Most of the lines were created by meticulously removing the surface layer of stones that covered the desert, revealing the darker soil beneath.

This process allowed the Nazca to create complex designs and large-scale geometric figures, some of which are only clearly visible from the air. The skill and precision of their execution have baffled researchers and contributed to the mystery surrounding the Nazca Lines.

Animals depicted

The Nazca Lines feature a variety of figures depicting animals such as hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, lizards, whales, birds and others. These animal representations suggest a deep connection with the religious and mythological beliefs of the Nazca civilization. It is speculated that these figures may have had ceremonial, ritual or even astronomical significance in the context of Nazca beliefs, although the exact purpose of these representations remains a subject of debate and mystery.

The diversity of animals reflects the rich iconography that the Nazca incorporated into the Nazca Lines, contributing to the complexity and fascination of this archaeological site.

Purpose

Although the exact purpose of the Nazca Lines remains a matter of debate, it is believed that they may have had astronomical, religious, or cultural meanings. Some suggest they were used in fertility rituals, while others propose they are related to stargazing and agriculture.

Conservation

The Nazca Lines have been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994, which highlights their importance and cultural value However, over the years, these incredible works of art have faced various threats that endanger their conservation.

• One of the main threats is air and land traffic. The overflight of airplanes and helicopters over the Nazca Lines can cause irreparable damage to the delicate lines and figures. The weight and vibration of aircraft can erode and wear away the soil, affecting the integrity of the geoglyphs.
• Another important threat is the invasion of human settlements in the area. The presence of populations near the Nazca Lines can generate negative impacts, such as the accumulation of garbage, pollution, and alteration of the local ecosystem.

Access

Direct access to the Nazca Lines is restricted to preserve their integrity. However, tourist flights offer visitors the opportunity to appreciate the Nazca Lines from the air, without causing damage to the lines and figures. These flights are a safe and responsible way to enjoy this archaeological treasure.

In Nazca, Peru, there are several interesting activities you can do. Here are some options:

Overflight of the Nazca Lines

The Nazca Lines flyover is an exciting experience that allows you to get a close-up look at the enigmatic figures etched into the Nazca desert. Here are some details about what you can expect during the overflight:

• Duration: The duration of the overflight can vary, but generally lasts around 30 to 45 minutes.
• Small plane: You will board a small plane that will take you across the sky to see the lines from above. These planes are designed to provide a panoramic and safe view of the figures.
• Guide: During the flight, you will be accompanied by a guide who will provide you with information about the history and mysteries behind the Nazca Lines. You will learn more about their origin, meaning and the theories surrounding their creation.
• Iconic figures: During the flyover, you will get a close-up look at some of the most famous figures, such as the hummingbird, the monkey, the astronaut and many more. These figures are incredibly detailed and can only be fully appreciated from the air.

It is important to note that the overflight is subject to favorable weather conditions and flight availability. Remember to book in advance and follow all instructions and safety measures provided by the airline.

Antonini Museum

The Antonini Museum, also known as Museo Didáctico Antonini, is a space dedicated to the Nazca culture and civilization in the city of Nazca, Peru. It is located on the premises of CISRAP-CEAP, the Italian Center for Pre-Columbian Archaeological Studies and Research.

The museum houses an impressive collection of artifacts, ceramics and textiles that will allow you to immerse yourself in the rich Nasca culture. It is recognized for its contribution to the research and dissemination of the cultures and civilizations of the Americas. The construction of the museum and the Study Center was possible thanks to the constant contribution of the Antonini family, who firmly believed in the development of the Archaeological Mission and its cultural outreach program.

Admission fees to the museum are as follows:

• General: 20 soles
• Students: 7 soles (with previous identification)
• Children: 7 soles
• Children under 5 years old accompanied by an adult enter free of charge.

The entrance ticket does not include the guided service, but you can coordinate in advance to request it in the desired language. You can also purchase publications related to the museum in its online store.

Cantalloc Aqueducts

The Cantalloc Aqueducts are an outstanding architectural marvel built by the ancient Nazcas in the arid Nazca desert. These subway aqueducts, built with advanced techniques such as the excavation of wells and the construction of tunnels, demonstrate the skill and knowledge of the Nazcas in the management of water. They form an interconnected network of canals that transport water from springs to cultivated areas.

What is most impressive is that these aqueducts, which date back to ancient times, are still in use today. Local farmers continue to take advantage of this infrastructure to irrigate their crops, highlighting the durability and efficiency of this ancient hydraulic engineering.

When visiting the Cantalloc Aqueducts, you have the opportunity to explore the subway channels and learn about the importance of water in the Nazca culture. It is advisable to bring comfortable shoes and a flashlight, as some areas can be narrow and dark. We emphasize the importance of respecting the environment and following the instructions of the local staff to preserve this valuable heritage.

Chauchilla Cemetery

The Chauchilla Cemetery, located 30 km south of Nazca, Peru, is a pre-Inca archaeological site that reveals the burial practices of the Nazca culture. It is noted for its exceptionally preserved mummies, providing valuable information about this ancient civilization. In addition to the pre-Inca tombs, the site exhibits artifacts such as textiles and ceramics used in funerary rituals. Discovered in the 1920s, it is believed to have fallen out of use in the 9th century AD, but the dry climate has preserved the mummies and artifacts.

The visit to the cemetery, which takes 30-45 minutes from Nazca, offers the opportunity to explore this fascinating necropolis and learn about its history and cultural significance through guided tours.

Cerro Blanco

Cerro Blanco, located in the desert of Nazca, Peru, stands out as the highest dune in America, offering an exciting experience for adventure lovers. It stands out for being an ideal place to practice sandboarding, allowing you to descend its steep slopes on a board, combining excitement and the beauty of the desert.

The ascent to Cerro Blanco offers impressive views of the desert, providing an unparalleled landscape. However, it is important to note that the ascent can be challenging due to the steep slope and loose sand. It is advisable to be guided by a local to ensure safety.

Nazca Main Square

The Plaza de Armas in Nazca, Peru, is the heart of the city, offering a vibrant local atmosphere. In this central location, you can explore local markets with handicrafts and fresh produce, immersing yourself in the authenticity of Nazca's culture.

The square has a wide variety of restaurants and cafes offering delicious Peruvian cuisine, from traditional dishes like ceviche to desserts like suspiro limeño. It is a perfect place to enjoy a tasty meal while watching the daily life in the square.

In addition to being a gastronomic center, the Plaza de Armas is the scene of local events and festivities. During these celebrations, you can enjoy colorful parades, live music and traditional dances, further immersing you in Nazca's rich culture.

Bird watching in the Paracas National Reserve

The Paracas National Reserve, located on the coast of Peru near Nazca, is an ideal destination for bird watching enthusiasts. This stunning natural environment offers diverse coastal habitats, such as beaches, cliffs and wetlands, which are home to a wide variety of seabirds such as pelicans, cormorants and gulls.

Migratory birds, especially flamingos, congregate in the coastal lagoons of Paracas during certain times of the year, offering an impressive spectacle. It is recommended to bring binoculars and a bird guide to identify the species, while exploring the trails and strategic viewpoints of the reserve.

It is essential to respect the natural environment and follow the instructions of the park rangers to preserve the reserve's wildlife and ecosystem.

Explore the captivating gastronomy of Nazca with the support of Andino Peru Tours. Our agency will take you to discover the most outstanding restaurants, where you can enjoy authentic flavors and live a unique culinary experience. Soon, we will present you an exclusive selection of establishments that you can not miss in Nazca!

Traditional Festivities in Nazca

Nazca, with its rich cultural heritage, stands out as a vital point of traditions and festivals in Peru. Renowned for its vibrant dances and customs, the city offers a diverse festive calendar that reflects its intangible heritage. Here, we present some of the most outstanding celebrations that enrich the cultural experience in Nazca:

• January 23: Celebration of the Anniversary of the Creation of Nazca, a day dedicated to commemorating the city's rich history and heritage.
• July 16th: Start of Nazca Tourist Week, a period that highlights local tourist attractions and promotes the cultural diversity of the region.
• August 28th - September 8th: Patronal Feast of the Virgin Guadalupe in Nasca, Ica. During this event, processions, novena masses, artistic and cultural activities, as well as popular festivities and kermeses are held highlighting religious devotion and community joy.
• December 15th: Commemoration of the Declaration of the Nasca Lines as Cultural Heritage of Humanity, a significant achievement that recognizes the worldwide importance of this unique archaeological site.
• December 25th: Celebration of the Christmas of the Child God, a festivity that unites the community in a spirit of peace and joy during the Christmas season.

Before the trip

• Documents and Copies: Make sure you have your passport and visas necessary to enter Peru. Make copies of your important documents and keep them in separate places.
• Travel Insurance: Make sure you have travel insurance to cover possible medical emergencies. Being prepared will contribute to a smoother experience.

During the Trip

• Climate and Clothing: Nazca has a desert climate. Wear light and breathable clothing, applying sunscreen for sunny days. Bring a light sweater for cool nights.
• Personal Safety: Be cautious in crowded places and avoid showing valuables in public. Use cross-body bags and store your belongings safely.
• Transportation: Use authorized cabs or reliable services. Obtain information on fares before boarding.
• Money: Change some money into the local currency (Sol). Use ATMs in safe places and know the exchange rates.

Other tips

• Language: Learn some local expressions for a more enriching interaction. Translation applications can be useful.
• Plug Adaptor: Check the type of plug used in Peru (generally type A and C). Bring a universal adapter for your electronic devices.
• Local Time: Set your watch to local time and use mobile applications to efficiently plan your activities.
• Cultural Respect: Research local customs. Small gestures of courtesy show respect for Peruvian culture.
• Bottled Water: Consume bottled water, make sure bottles are sealed and come from reliable sources.
• These additional tips will help you prepare for your visit to Nazca, ensuring a smooth and enriching experience. Have an exceptional trip!